|
Michael John Manning OBE〔 (1943 – 22 August 2008) was an Australian-born Papua New Guinean anti-corruption activist and economist. Manning served as the second Chairman of Transparency International PNG (TIPNG), one of Papua New Guinea's largest organizations dedicated to eradicating corruption, from 2003 until 2008. He was a naturalized citizen of Papua New Guinea. ==Early life== Manning was born in 1943 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, but raised in Coonabarabran, New South Wales. He was the son of Margot Manning and Alan Manning, one of the founders of the Democratic Labor Party.〔 Manning's father, Alan Manning, became a protégé and supporter of Ben Chifley and the Australian Labor Party (ALP) following his return from World War II. Alan Manning ran for office as an Australian Labor Party candidate three times, losing on each try.〔 Manning's ALP affiliation did not sit well with others in rural Coonabarabran. The Manning family was eventually removed from their family farm by the ownership trust for "spending too much time in politics."〔 Alan Manning and other ALP dissenters were expelled from the political party in 1956 after openly criticizing the "36 faceless men" of the ALP federal executive.〔 In response to his expulsion, Alan Manning, a Protestant, joined the Democratic Labor Party, which was dominated by Catholics.〔 Manning became the president of the Democratic Labor Party in New South Wales.〔 Manning contracted polio when he was just five years old.〔 He spent one year inside an iron lung for treatment.〔 He recovered from the disease. Manning went onto attend the The King's School, Parramatta thanks to a trust fund set up by his grandfather, who was a wealthy grazier.〔 Manning left his university studies for five years after the death of his mother, Margot Manning.〔 He returned to farming at a town near Canberra before moving to Rylstone, where he helped to raise his younger brothers.〔 He returned to university and received his bachelor's degree in economics from Australian National University in Canberra.〔〔 He then obtained a job with the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics while he worked to obtain his master's degree in economics.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mike Manning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|